Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных ниже утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста (True), какие не соответствуют (False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, т.е. на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (Not Stated).
Russia’s northern regions are on the Arctic Ocean, which is a sea that is mostly frozen throughout the year. There is sea travel from Russia’s shores into this frozen world, but it takes more than a normal ship to get through it. How do Russians manage to make their way through all the ice?
One way they can do so is with the Yamal. The Yamal is an icebreaker – that is, it’s a ship that is specially designed to break through the layer of ice which covers the sea in the Arctic and Antarctic. There are many types of icebreakers used by countries that border the Arctic Ocean, but the Yamal is a special kind. It is powered by nuclear energy, and not traditional petrol or diesel engines. Because of this, the Yamal is one of the most powerful ships in the world, allowing it to smash through ice with ease. The ship is made of thick, strong metal that can break through the ice during its travels. It also has special air jets which are located on the bottom of the ship. These jets can push out 24 square metres of air per second, which helps to split the ice.
The Yamal is named after the region where it normally stays in harbour – the Yamal Peninsula, an area of land in north-western Siberia that is rich in natural gas resources. Specifically, the term ‘Yamal’ means the ‘End of the Land’ in the language of the Nenets, a tribe that lives in the region.
The Yamal was originally designed to keep lanes of travel open for other ships to use in the icy waters. It has never really been used for this purpose, however. Instead, since it was launched in October 1992, it has been used mainly to carry passengers on trips into the Arctic region. It has special features such as a swimming pool, gym, sauna and volleyball court. One of its tourist cruises was to celebrate the millennium in 2000, when it travelled all the way to the North Pole, making it only the 12th such ship ever to do so.
Another voyage of the Yamal, during August and September 2009, was to collect the staff and equipment from a number of manned ice stations positioned throughout the Arctic, because these stations were scheduled to close. Each station was manned by 18 Arctic explorers, who conducted research in the region. The explorers, their companion dogs and 150 tonnes of supplies and equipment were all placed on the Yamal.
The Yamal is impressive to look at. The lower part of the ship is painted black, the very bottom is red, and the upper part is an attractive shade of orange. On the very front of the ship is the outline of a mouth with sharp teeth, to ‘frighten’ the ice it encounters.
1) Ordinary ships have trouble travelling through the Arctic Ocean.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
2) The Yamal uses nuclear energy to melt ice in its path.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
3) The materials the ship is built of help it travel through the Arctic Ocean.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
4) The Nenets sometimes travel using the Yamal.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
5) The Yamal was built to help other ships travel through the Arctic.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
6) The only ship to travel to the North Pole in the year 2000 was the Yamal.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
7) The Yamal carried a total of 18 Arctic explorers during its 2009 travels.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
8) The picture of the mouth is there to make people feel scared.
1. True
2. False
3. Not stated
1) – True
2) – False
3) – True
4) – Not Stated
5) – True
6) – Not Stated
7) – False
8) – False
