Задание 53 на тексты и заголовки

1. The heart of the system
2. An exclusion out of the system
3. An unexpected discovery
4. The creation of a satellite
5. Too small for the system
6. A musical work
7. A true ninth planet
8. New items in the system

A. The Planets, Op. 32, is a seven-movement orchestral suite by the English composer Gustav Holst, written between 1914 and 1916. Each movement of the suite is named after a planet of the Solar System and its corresponding astrological character as defined by Holst. From its premiere to the present day, the suite has been enduringly popular, influential, widely performed and frequently recorded.

B. Ever since the discovery of Pluto in 1930, kids grew up learning about the nine planets of our solar system. That all changed starting in the late. 1990s, when astronomers began to argue about whether Pluto was a planet. In a highly controversial decision, the International Astronomical Union ultimately decided in 2006 to call Pluto a ‘dwarf planet’, reducing the list of “real planets” in our solar system to eight.

C. Astronomers are now hunting for another planet in our solar system, after evidence of its existence was unveiled on January 20, 2016. The so-called “Planet Nine,” as scientists are calling it, is about 10 times the mass of Earth and 5,000 times the mass of Pluto. It is in the far outer solar system, orbiting about 20 times farther from the sun than distant Neptune does.

D. The sun, the star at the center of our solar system, controls everything within its mighty gravity field, commanding planets to orbit or pulling comets straight into it. It holds 99.8 percent of the solar system’s mass, and measures roughly 109 times the diameter of the Earth. The visible part of the sun reaches a temperature of roughly 5,500 degrees C, while temperatures in the core exceed 15 million degrees C, driven by nuclear reactions.

E. Our moon is a cold round rock possessing caches of frozen water. It orbits the Earth about once every 27 days at a distance of 238,855 miles (384,400 km). The moon’s gravitation pull creates the tides in Earth’s bodies of water. The leading theory suggests that a body smashed into Earth approximately 4.5 billion years ago, and the debris from both Earth and the impactor accumulated to form our natural satellite.

F. Dwarf planets belong to a newer classification in the solar system. The International Astronomical Union (the IAU) defines a dwarf planet as “an object in orbit around the Sun that is large enough (or massive) to have its own gravity pull itself into a round or nearly round shape. Generally, a dwarf planet is smaller than Mercury. Dwarf planets may also orbit in a zone that has many other objects in it.

G. Pluto, the dwarf planet, has gone through some changes. Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930, based on predictions from Percival Lowell and other astronomers. Pluto is only 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) wide and is about 3.6 billion miles from Earth. It has four moons, the latest of which was announced in July 2011.Pluto used to be classified as a full-fledged planet until the IAU downgraded it a dwarf planet in 2006 because its small size.

A – 6
B – 2
C – 7
D – 1
E – 4
F – 8
G – 5