Тренировочное задание 4 на подбор заголовков к текстам.
| 1. Inspired by noble goals | 5. Hard to see and to believe |
| 2. Protected by law | 6. Hard to explain how they could |
| 3. Small size – great opportunities | 7. Breathtaking just to watch |
| 4. Coloured stereotype | 8. From travelling to discovery |
A) Charles Darwin’s five-year voyage on H.M.S. Beagle has become legendary and greatly influenced his masterwork, the book, On the Origin of Species. Darwin didn’t actually formulate his theory of evolution while sailing around the world aboard the Royal Navy ship. But the exotic plants and animals he encountered challenged his thinking and led him to consider scientific evidence in new ways.
B) The 19th century was a remarkable time for exploration. Vast portions of the globe, such as the interior of Africa, were mapped by explorers and adventurers. It was the time when David Livingstone became convinced of his mission to reach new peoples in Africa and introduce them to Christianity, as well as free them from slavery.
C) Louis Pasteur’s various investigations convinced him of the rightness of his germ theory of disease, which holds that germs attack the body from outside. Many felt that such tiny organisms as germs could not possibly kill larger ones such as humans. But Pasteur extended this theory to explain the causes of many diseases – including cholera, TB and smallpox – and their prevention by vaccination.
D) Frederick Law Olmsted, the architect who designed New York City’s Central Park, called the Yosemite Valley “the greatest glory of nature.” Californians convinced one of their representatives, Senator John Conness, to do something about its protection. In May 1864, Conness introduced legislation to bring the Yosemite Valley under the control of the state of California. President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill into law.
E) The Maya thrived for nearly 2,000 years. Without the use of the cartwheel or metal tools, they built massive stone structures. They were accomplished scientists. They tracked a solar year of 365 days and one of the few surviving ancient Maya books contains tables of eclipses. From observatories, like the one at Chichen Itza, they tracked the progress of the war star, Mars.
F) Bali has been a surfing hotspot since the early 20th century, and continues to attract surfers from all over the world. The island’s small size and unique geography provides wonderful surfing conditions, in all seasons, for surfers of any level of experience. Inexperienced surfers might like to try Kuta’s kind waves, while more able surfers will try Nusa Dua’s powerful waves.
G) Base jumping is an extreme sport, one which only very adventurous travelers enjoy. Some base jumpers leap off bridges, others off buildings and the most extreme off cliffs in Norway. Once a year, base jumpers in the US get to leap off the New River Bridge in West Virginia. During the annual Bridge Day, hundreds of jumpers can go off the bridge legally. Thousands of spectators show up to watch.
A) – 8. From travelling to discovery (от путешествия к открытию)
В отрывке речь идет о пятидневном морском путешествии Чарльза Дарвина (Charles Darwin’s five-year voyage on H.M.S. Beagle), которое повлияла на его главное открытие – работу “О происхождение видов” (On the Origin of Species), где он переосмыслил многие научные данные.
B) – 1. Inspired by noble goals (вдохновленный благородными целями)
В тексте упоминается Дэвид Ливингстоун, который был убежден в собственной высокой миссии (convinced of his mission) принести христианство африканцам и освободить их от рабства (reach new peoples in Africa and introduce them to Christianity, as well as free them from slavery). Таким образом, он следовал благородным целям.
C) – 5. Hard to see and to believe (трудно увидеть и поверить)
В отрывке говорится об открытии бактерий Луи Пастером. Было сложно поверить в то, что такие микроорганизмы, которые сложно увидеть, могут убить человека (many felt that such tiny organisms as germs could not possibly kill larger ones such as humans).
D) – 2. Protected by law (под защитой закона)
Здесь речь идет о Йосемитской долине, которая была названа величайшей славой природы (the greatest glory of nature) и отдана под охрану закона штата Калифорния (under the control of the state of California). Абрахам Линкольн подписал специальный закон (President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill into law).
E) – 6. Hard to explain how they could (трудно объяснить, как они могли)
Речь идет о народе Майя. Трудно объяснить, как они могли построить массивные каменные сооружения которые без использования колеса и металлических приспособлений (Without the use of the cartwheel or metal tools, they built massive stone structures).
F) – 3. Small size – great opportunities (небольшой размер – большие возможности)
Речь идет о небольшом острове Бали, который имеет удивительные условия для занятия серфингом спортсменов любого уровня (wonderful surfing conditions, in all seasons, for surfers of any level of experience). Таким образом, небольшая территория обладает большими возможностями.
G) – 7. Breathtaking just to watch (дух захватывает смотреть)
Бейс-джампинг, т.е. экстремальные прыжки с мостов (off bridges), со зданий (off buildings), со скал (off cliffs), – это захватывающее дух зрелище, на которое собираются тысячи зрителей (Thousands of spectators show up to watch).
